| الملخص | The exposed geological formations in the map area represent, Fatha, Injana and Mukdadiya formations, In addition to the Quaternary sediments. Sur Quadrangle is considered as a part of Rutba-Jazera (Salman Hadhar) tectonic zone which belongs to the Stable Shelf.
From the topographic point of view, the area can be considered as a desert plain with topographic relief dissected by valleys.
The climate of the map is under the condition of the Jazera region which is characterized by cold winter with low to intermediate rainfall and hot and dry summer.
Fatha and Injana formations are considered the main groundwater aquifers in the area.
Fatha formation represents the main aquifer within the main parts of the Sur Quadrangle. While Injana formation represents the upper aquifer within the northern and northwestern parts of the Quadrangle, only.
The general groundwater flow at the western parts of the area is towards west and southwest, while at the eastern parts of the area, the direction of flow is towards east and southeast, with local diversions.
Groundwater quality is mainly sulphatic. This is in accordance with wide exposures and presence of gypsum deposits. The groundwater is classified according to salinity into five classes: fresh water, slightly brackish water, brackish water (Two subclasses) and salty water.
Mostly the groundwater in the area is not suitable for human drinking, but it is mostly suitable for stock except those wells of high salinity. Ground water also is not suitable for irrigation purposes except water from a number of wells can be used with soil of high permeability. Also, groundwater is not suitable for irrigation purposes except water from a number of wells can be used with soil of high permeability. Also groundwater is not suitable for industrial and building purposes. | |
