| الملخص | Baghdad Quadrangle is covered mostly by Quaternary sediments. The exposed geological formation in the area is Injana Formation only. Injana Formation crops out at the western part of the area, west of Euphrates River and along cliffs of Lakes and mesa of Iskandariya – Falluja.
Baghdad Quadrangle is considered as a part of the Mesopotamian Zone of the Unstable Shelf.
The climate of the area is arid to semi arid, which is characterized by cold winter with low rainfall and hot and dry summer.
Injana Formation represents the main aquifer at the western part of the area in addition to the Quaternary sediments. Quaternary sediments represent the main aquifer for the remaining parts of the area.
The general groundwater flow at the western parts of the area is from west and northwest toward east and southeast, while at the eastern parts the groundwater flow is from north and northeast toward south and southwest.
The groundwater quality is variable. It is mainly sulphatic in the western parts, with local areas of chloridic water, sulphatic and bicarbonatic water in adjacent areas to rivers and irrigation channels. The groundwater is classified according to the salinity into five classes fresh water, slightly brackish water, brackish water (two sub classes), salty water and brine water. High salinity water is mainly located at the southern and eastern parts of the area.
The groundwater, mainly in the area is not suitable for human drinking, but it is mostly suitable for livestock, except those wells of high salinity. There is also exception for chicken's breeding which need low salinity water.
Groundwater can not be used for irrigation, except at areas adjacent to rivers and irrigation channels. Water from some wells can be used for industrial purposes, but it is mostly not suitable for building purposes. | |
