HYDROGEO.&HYDROCHEM.STUDY OF MANDALI QUADRANGLE SHEET(NI-38-11).

Abstract

Mandali Quadrangle is located within the unstable shelf. Most of it is located within the Mesopotamian plain while part of it is located within the Foothill Zone. It is covered mostly by Quaternary sediments. The outcrops in the area belong to the Miocene and Pliocene age represent Euphrates, Fatha, Injana, Mugdadiya and Bia Hassan Formations. From the topographic point of view the area can be divided into two regions: the high land area at the east and northeastern parts of the Mesopotamian plain area. The climate of the area is under Quadrangle of arid and semi arid conditions which are characterized by cold winter with low rainfall and hot and dry summer. Bai Hassan and Mukdadiyah Formation represent the main aquifer within the eastern and northeastern parts of the area. While Quaternary deposits represent the main aquifer for most parts of the area. The general ground water flow is from northeast towards southwest. Groundwater Quality is mainly sulphatic at the high land area with some chloridic and bicarbonate water, while it is mainly chloridic with Mesopotamian plain area especially at discharge regions. The groundwater is classified according to salinity into six classes: fresh water, slightly brackish water, brackish water (two sub classes), salty and brine water. Mostly the groundwater in the area is not suitable for human drinking except those wells at the northeastern part within high land area of low salinity. Groundwater is mostly suitable for stock except those well of high salinity. Most wells at high land can be used for irrigation except those wells within discharge area. Some wells within the high land can be used for industrial purposes while most of them can be used for building purposes.